整理/余冰玥 制图/张玉佳

修己安人

　　修炼自己，使人安乐。“修己”即努力使自己的才能、德性等各方面不断提升，实现完满境界，达于“内圣”；“安人”即发挥自己的才能、德性，建立事功，惠及他人，达于“外王”。这是孔子对于“君子”概念的界说，也是儒家道德政治理论的简约表达。

Cultivate Oneself to Benefit Others

　　"Cultivating oneself" means taking pains to elevate one's talent and virtue constantly to achieve perfection, thus inwardly becoming a sage. "Benefiting others" means displaying one's own talent and virtue to make contributions to society and benefit others, thus outwardly becoming a person like a king. This was what Confucius meant by a "man of virtue" and is also a simple expression of the Confucian school's notion of rule by virtue.

引例

　　子路问君子。子曰：“修己以敬。”曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安人。”曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安百姓。修己以安百姓，尧、舜其犹病诸！”（《论语·宪问》）

　　子路问什么叫君子。孔子说：“修炼自己，保持严肃恭敬的态度。”子路说：“这样就够了吗？”孔子说：“修炼自己，使周围的人们安乐。”子路说：“这样就够了吗？”孔子说：“修炼自己，使所有百姓都安乐。修炼自己，使所有百姓都安乐，只怕尧舜还难于做到呢！”

　　Zilu asked what a man of virtue is like. Confucius said: He cultivates himself so as to be reverent. Zilu asked: Is that all? Confucius said: He cultivates himself so as to benefit others. Zilu asked: Is that all? Confucius said: He cultivates himself so as to benefit all people. Comforting all people - even Yao and Shun would have found that difficult to do! (The Analects)